With respect to the individual investor, there is little doubt that the dollar value of an investment is what counts, rather, its real value in terms of the purchasing power. At the end of the day, all that investors consider is the real purchasing power of their earnings, meaning that the threat of inflation is something investors have to be worried about.
A number of traditional asset classes, such as stocks and bonds, provides for a poor hedge against inflation – if in any case over short and medium-term horizons. Commodities futures trading can offer substantial hedging opportunities against inflation to the general investor as well as to the commodities futures trading specialist compared to bonds or stocks due to the following reasons. First, commodities futures trading represent a bet on commodity prices and are therefore directly linked to the components of inflation. Second, in commodities futures trading, information on foreseeable trends in commodities prices, which rise and fall with unpredicted deviations from inflation components, are included in the futures prices. This gives a precise explanation to why commodities futures trading prosper while bonds and stocks perform weakly.
Examining Inflation’s Correlation to Commodities Futures Trading
In the figure below, the relationship of bonds, stocks and commodities futures trading are compared to inflation. The correlations are calculated over a range of investment horizons.
A number of observations are evident in the illustration:
| Correlation with inflation | |
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| Overlapping return data 1959/7-2004/3 |
1. Commodities futures trading exhibits an exposure opposite to inflation when put side by side to bonds and stock. Bonds and stocks depict a negative correlation with inflation at all the horizons, whereas commodities futures trading is positively correlated with inflation.
2. In absolute magnitude, the inflation correlation has a tendency to rise with the holding period. The positive inflation correlation of commodities futures trading and the negative correlation of bonds and stocks are bigger at return intervals of one and five years compared to at quarterly or monthly frequency.
Commodities For Diversification
Commodities futures trading has been instrumental in providing diversification of both bonds and stocks portfolios. The correlation of commodities futures with bonds and stocks is not only negative on most horizons, but greater over longer holding periods. The contrasting relationship of commodities futures trading with traditional asset classes is explained by the following facts. First, commodities prosper in times of unexpected inflation when stocks and bonds undergo a drawdown. Second, commodities futures diversify the cyclical variation in bonds and stocks returns.

